While photovoltaics (PV) play an increasingly central role in Europe’s clean energy transition and energy independence, a hidden vulnerability threatens this progress: the software-based remote access to inverters, the critical “brains” of any PV system.
“Today, over 200 GW of European PV capacity is already linked to inverters manufactured in China – the equivalent of more than 200 nuclear power plants,” said Christoph Podewils, the European Solar Manufacturing Council (ESMC) Secretary General.
“This means Europe has effectively surrendered remote control of a vast portion of its electricity infrastructure.”
[…]
Further concerns include:
- 70% of all inverters installed in 2023 came from Chinese vendors, mainly Huawei and SunGrow.
- These two companies alone already control remote access to 168 GW of PV capacity in Europe (DNV Report, p. 40), by 2030, this figure is projected to exceed 400 GW – comparable to the output of 150–200 nuclear power plants.
- One of these vendors [China’s Huawei] is already banned from the 5G sector in many countries and is currently under investigation in Belgium for bribery and corruption.
[…]
In light of these findings, the ESMC calls for the immediate development of an EU “Inverter Security Toolbox”, modeled after the successful 5G Security Toolbox. This would involve:
- A comprehensive risk assessment of inverter manufacturers.
- A requirement that high-risk vendors must not be permitted to maintain an online connection to European electricity systems.
- Consideration of outright bans for such vendors from connecting to the grid.
- A replication of Lithuania’s proactive legislation – banning inverters from China – across all EU Member States – ensuring security measures apply to PV systems of all sizes.
Here’s an idea: instead, ban devices that do not function without an internet connection. Devices are not “smart” when you have no sovereignty over them.
Just to play devil’s advocate. There was recently an unverified report that some inverters contained an undocumented cellular modem. If true, it could, in theory, allow for remote modification or control, even when fully “offline” as far as the client was concerned. Basically a mobile phone based back door.
The solution is better verification, rather than bans however. Grid scale devices should have the hardware randomly audited. The software should also be audited and check summed. This would be burdensome at domestic levels, but seems reasonable at grid levels.
Absolutely this. I have limited experience with the whole home automation market, but I find the Shelly model to be perfect: Local access via BLE or LAN ist always enabled out of the box, cloud (run by Shelly) requires a checkbox to be activated.
I mean, it sounds to me that the biggest problem is not having the experience to manufacture and modify electronics readily throughout Europe so we have to treat them all as take or give. I don’t mean in the sense of being able to retrofit foreign PV inverters, I mean in regards to being able to accurately define and even potentially disable the threat.
One of the ways this used to be done was with the development and enforcement of standards within markets, why isn’t this being done instead of outright bans? Seems like it’s more about companies lobbying against economic threats instead of actually enforcing industry wide standards, although I’m also curious if and how much of this concern has to do with the recent Spanish blackout. The biggest problem with Chinese tech is that they are sold as the alternative to get around excessive proprietary BS pricing only for them to pull even worse proprietary BS shenanigans.
The biggest problem with Chinese tech is that they are sold as the alternative to get around excessive proprietary BS pricing only for them to pull even worse proprietary BS shenanigans.
The biggest problem with Chinese tech is the threat of blackmail, very much the same as Russia has done in the past with oil and gas.
This is about European producers not having a chance against producers on the market, first and foremost. “Security” is just a fig-leaf excuse.
It is so easy to make a device not phone home.
Note the fact that Huawei and SunGrow have remote access to 168 GW already. These device ARE CURRENTLY phoning home.
Why ban the devices entirely, then and not introduce a legal requirement to be able to run the devices entirely on your own network?
That’s kinda what they’re asking for; to 1 assess risks 2 define guidance/regulation
That requirement is easy to appear to meet while still allowing whatever remote actions they want to do. Remember the first step of evil here would be appearing to work perfectly long enough to get a massive install base. Then the setret signal to all fail goes out to them all. i can come up with the above attack so we can safely assume China can too - they likely have other ideas as well.
i can come up with the above attack so we can safely assume China can too - they likely have other ideas as well.
And why exactly are we to assume that China has an interest to do so? Have we arrived in full-on cold war rhetoric by now? 🙄
Also: how can the evil Xi Xingping (/s) do an assault on our infrastrugture if we don’t allow the device to phone home? If I can prevent my robot-vacuum to connect to the producer’s servers, why shouldn’t our infrastructure be able to do so?
Does your robot vacum still have all its functionality if it can’t talk home? Mine certainly doesn’t. I’m pretty sure that big infrastructure components probably all require some form of network communication
That’s why I hacked my robot and removed the phone home function. I used https://valetudo.cloud/ custom firmware for mine.
That’s what a requirement could handle. My robot has all it’s functionalities intact.
China is making moves on Taiwan, Vietnam, South Korea, and the Philippians. They are building up their military. Nobody knows what will happen in the future, but there is a reasonably possibility of war in the region which the EU will get involved in. The cold war wasn’t all unreasonable fear even if some was.
You don’t need to phone home. A radio is something you can hide in a chip, using the board itself as an antenna. Then the chip listens for the signal which can be broadcast many ways (the local embassy, satellite, or spys) Isreal already proved that you can attack pagers in ways like this (their radios were hidden in a battery, but the point remains). The engineering is tricky, but well within something China can do.
Removed by mod
high-risk, non-European manufacturers – most notably from China.
We want nobody to buy these devices directly from china!
Because we want you to buy these chinese devices from us! With our beautiful stickers on the hood!!
This is rubbish. There are several European producers of solar inverters.
Yep, and I paid the premium for a Fronius one and so far, apart from their customer service being clearly oriented towards the chain “customer -> installer -> Fronius” I am pretty happy with it.
They are staying on top of things with their software updates, provide proper changelogs and API documentation and features like emergency offgrid power have improved over the period of my ownership. It was okay with a switchover time of about 60 seconds of no power from and to the grid when I bought the thing, and the last time emergency power triggered, the switchover to local took only about 12 seconds and switching back was seamless with my UPSes not even triggering. I would recommend them.
Just guessing here, but in my experience 90% or more of all inverters in germany are chinese made.
Have you got any numbers for that?
If you open them and start googling part numbers, you will notice that entire subassemblies are off the shelf parts from China, not just components.
The solution is not to make rules based on where something is made, the solution is to have sensible rules that apply to everyone.
A product with a German label should not spy on you, nor should a Chinese one, or an American one.
I just checked and these are global numbers, couldnt find any for Germany. In Germany its probably a bit less chinese ones, but it has been increasing due to the influx of super cheap microinverters for balcony mounted solar.
These chinese ones add up to 80%:
- Huawei
- Sungrow
- Ginlong Solis
- Growatt
- GoodWe
- Sineng
- Aiswei
- Sofar
- SMA is German
- Power Electronics is Spanish
- TMEIC is Japanese
All the chinese ones have been growing while the other ones fall.
No just my experience from being an electronics engineer and talking to people about their installations. All the inverters you get in hardware stores are rebranded chinese hardware.
This is rubbish.
This is dust.
