Depends on the type of cable but some do - all but the lowest of the bottom end of USB-C cables for example will have some sort of chip in them to negotiate charging rate, and those that support fancier things like Thunderbolt will have a more complicated chip.
If you’re setting out to install more potentially nefarious things on a cable it’s definitely possible to make them fit in - see this cable sold for pen testing for example.
Depends on the type of cable but some do - all but the lowest of the bottom end of USB-C cables for example will have some sort of chip in them to negotiate charging rate, and those that support fancier things like Thunderbolt will have a more complicated chip.
If you’re setting out to install more potentially nefarious things on a cable it’s definitely possible to make them fit in - see this cable sold for pen testing for example.